Science

Year 8 (Levels 7-8 band): cell theory as the foundation of biology, structure and function of organelles in plant and animal cells, and the prokaryote-eukaryote distinction.

Year 8 (Levels 7-8 band): how cells build tissues and organs, the main human organ systems, their functions, and how systems cooperate to keep the body working.

Year 8 (Levels 7-8 band): atomic theory, elements vs compounds vs mixtures, chemical symbols and formulas, and the periodic table as a map of the elements.

Year 8 (Levels 7-8 band): telling physical changes from chemical reactions, the evidence of chemical change, and the standard laboratory tests for oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

Year 8 (Levels 7-8 band): classifying Earth's resources as renewable or non-renewable, the processes of extraction and energy production, and weighing sustainability trade-offs.

Year 8 (Levels 7-8 band): Earth's lithosphere as a mosaic of moving plates, boundary types, hotspots, and the evidence that supports plate-tectonic theory.

Year 8 (Levels 7-8 band): the main forms of energy, how energy transfers (conduction, convection, radiation) and transforms, and how to calculate efficiency of a simple system.

Year 8 (Levels 7-8 band): reading an electricity bill, calculating the cost of running appliances in kWh, comparing efficiency labels, and carrying out a simple home energy audit.

Year 8 (Levels 7-8 band): current as flow of charge, voltage as the push, circuit diagrams and symbols, series vs parallel circuits, and Ohm's law for simple calculations.

Year 8 (Levels 7-8 band): scientific knowledge changes with new evidence, multidisciplinary work uses many perspectives, and scientific responses to real issues have ethical, social and environmental trade-offs.